Direct property losses by fires are roughly 0.2% of the gross domestic product and the total costs of fires are around 1% of the gross domestic product. Therefore, it is important to develop well-designed flame retardant materials to decrease both fire risks and fire hazards. Conventional flame retardants like aluminium trihydrate (ATH), magnesium dihydroxide (MDH), organic brominated compounds, or intumescent systems based on nitrogen or phosphorous compounds, sometimes exhibit serious disadvantages. For example, the use of ATH and MDH in flame retardant cables requires a very high loading of these fillers in polymers, which leads to high density and lack of flexibility in end products. Now, a new class of materials, called nanocomposites, has been found to overcome the disadvantages of the traditional flame retardant systems.