Some rubber families are intrinsically high-temperature resistant, but this feature can be partially controlled by a clever formulation with specific additives. As for all the polymers, additives have also collateral effects and allow to modify the balance of properties needed to satisfy special requirements related to each actual application.
This paper mainly deals with additives and induced properties of silicones and fluorosilicones, fluorinated hydrocarbons such as FKM and FEPM, and perfluoroether such as Sifel. Let us remark that perfluorinated hydrocarbons (FFKM) are only processed by their producers.
For certain fluoroelastomers, the formulation is quite comparable to that of conventional elastomers as we can see on the following figure 'Diagrammatic-Principle-of-FKM-Formulation'. W.F. BOYE and ALL (164th ACS Rubber Division, 2003, paper 85) compare the compressive stress relaxation in air, water or oil of two FKMs, a TFE/VDF/HFP terpolymer vulcanized with a bisphenol-AF and the same terpolymer with CSM sites cured with a peroxide and a coagent (TAIC).