If you want to optimize your inks, coatings, struct. adhesives for metal bonding & avoid wasting your time on “inefficient” solutions, you need to understand what’s happening at the surface level (presence of contaminants, surface stability, interfacial / interphasial chemistry...). Few companies have dedicated staff to work on surface characterization, and if like the majority, you rely on external labs, you’d better know what surface analysis to request & how to properly interpret data !